Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and certain parasites. These medicines are often called antibacterials or antimicrobials. Antibiotics are available in various forms, for example as liquids, tablets, capsules or injections. Severe infections or conditions that require hospitalization are usually treated by injection, while for milder infections they can be taken orally. Creams, ointments or lotions containing antibiotics can be used to treat skin infections.
Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial and some parasitic infections, but not against diseases caused by viruses (e.g. colds, flu) or fungal infections. However, sometimes secondary bacterial infections can develop due to viral infections and antibiotic treatment may be necessary.
Antibiotics have different working principles. Some kill germs by targeting the bacterial cell wall, while others prevent germs from multiplying. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of infection, the severity of the infection, the patient’s health status and allergies.
It is important to use antibiotics correctly and completely. Even when the course of medication is over, it is necessary to continue treatment as prescribed by the doctor, even in cases of symptom relief. Interrupting a course of antibiotics can lead to microbes developing resistance and becoming ineffective against the treatment.
The use of antibiotics may cause some side effects. Mild stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea are common, but serious allergic reactions are rare. Antibiotics can also affect the normal balance of bacteria in the body and increase the risk of intestinal or vaginal infections.
Improper and unnecessary use of antibiotics can lead to the development of resistant strains of bacteria. This can limit treatment options and lead to serious health problems. Therefore, it is important to use antibiotics only when necessary and as prescribed by a doctor.
Although antibiotics have an important role in the treatment of infection, they should be used correctly and responsibly.
