Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness characterized by mood swings, fluctuations in energy levels and marked changes in activity level. Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic-depressive disorder, consists of periods that fluctuate between episodes of mania (extreme high mood) and depression (extreme low mood).
Bipolar disorder is usually classified into two main types:
Bipolar I Disorder: This type has at least one manic episode. Mania is characterized by symptoms such as high mood, hyperactivity, fast talking, neediness, overconfidence, increased speed of thought and behavior. Episodes of depression may also occur.
Bipolar II Disorder: In this type, there are no episodes of mania, but there is at least one episode of depression and at least one episode of hypomania (mild mania). Hypomania is a milder form of mania and is characterized by symptoms such as increased energy, high mood and increased goal-oriented activities.
Bipolar disorder can negatively affect a person’s daily functioning and relationships. Mood swings can lead to fluctuations in work and school performance, relationship problems and social isolation. Bipolar disorder can be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
Treatment for bipolar disorder usually involves a combination therapy. This treatment usually consists of medication (mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants), psychotherapy (therapy) and lifestyle changes. Treatment is designed to control symptoms, reduce mood swings, improve functioning and enhance quality of life.
Bipolar disorder management also includes measures such as regular follow-up, a supportive family and social support network, stress management, regular sleep patterns and regular exercise. Adherence to treatment and the management plan is important, as regular medication and therapy are important to prevent relapses and promote recovery.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition and requires regular follow-up. With early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and support, people living with bipolar disorder can often manage symptoms and lead a healthy life.
